The Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Procedure Health And Social Care Essay

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP ) is a procedure used to name bilious land parcel and pancreatic pathologic conditions. ERCP is an utile demonstrative technique when the bilious waterways are non widened and when no obstructor exists at the ampulla. ERCP is performed by go throughing a fiberoptic endoscope through the oral pit into the duodenum under fluoroscopic control. To ease progress of the endoscope, the patient and A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢s pharynx is splashed with a neighborhood sedative. Since this causes temporary pharyngeal paresis, supplement and drink are typically disallowed for at any rate 1 hr after the investigation. Food perhaps retained for as long as 10 hours after the procedure to limit disturbance to the belly and little digestive system. After the endoscopes find the hepatopancreatic ampulla ( ampulla of Vater ) a little cannula is gone through the endoscope and coordinated into the ampulla. When the cannula modestly positioned, the differ entiation medium is infused into the basic nerve waterway. The patient so might be moved, fluoroscopy performed and topographic point radiogram taken. Slanted topographic point radiogram might be taken to thwart assembly of regular nerve waterway and the pancreatic trench. Since the infused differentiate stuff should run out from ordinary channels inside around 5 proceedingss, radiogram must be uncovered in a flash. The complexity medium that is utilized relies upon the propensity of the radiotherapist or gastroenterologist. Thick difference specialists opicify little trenches great, yet they may obscure little shakes. On the off chance that little shakes are suspected, utilization of an increasingly weaken differentiate medium is recommended. A past filled with understanding affectability to an iodinated difference medium in another investigation. Does non needfully contraindicate its use for ERCP. Anyway the patient must be observed cautiously for a response to the difference medi um during ERCP. Ercp is much of the time showed when both clinical and radiographic discoveries demonstrate abnormalcies in the bilious framework or pancreases. OCG, ultrasound examination or IVC is regularly performed before ERCP. Ultrasonography of the upper part of the venters before endoscopy is as often as possible prescribed to ensure the specialist that no pseudocyts are available. This measure is of import since differentiate medium infused into pseudocycts may take to redness or break of the pseudocysts. Another procedure that is performed all the more regularly for investigation of the bilious and boss pancreatic trenches is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, or ERCP. This examination is completed to indicate the site and reason for bilious dilition. To investigate the diffuse sickness ( sclerosing cholangitis ) , pancreatic malady furthermore post-cholecystectomy syndrome.EndoscopyEndoscopy is audit of any pit of the natural structure by offices of an endoscope, an instrument that permits light by the inward liner of an organ. Arranged fiber-optic endoscopes are accessible for use in examining the inside liner of the belly, duodenum and colon. More seasoned sort of endoscopes take into consideration single sing just through a visual, yet more up to date picture endoscope undertaking the picture onto video delegate for different screening. Other than a specific sort of fiber-optic endoscope, name duodenuscope, is typically utilized for an ERCP test. This instrument, whe n embedded into the duodenum through the oral hole, crevasse and stomach, gives a fisheye side position that Is utile for transform uping and infixing a catheter or cannula into the little hole of hepatopancreatic sphincter, taking from the duodenum into the normal nerve trench a the boss pancreatic canal.DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTICThe ERCP can be an analytic or a therapeudic procedure. Remedially, ERCP can be performed to mitigate certain unhealthy conditions through the remotion of choleliths or little injuries, or for different expectations, for example, to patch an injury ( contracting or hindrance of a channel or trench ) of the hepatopancreatic sphincter or related ducts* For symptomatic aims, by and large, the ERCP procedure incorporates the endoscopic addition of the catheter or infusion cannula into the regular nerve waterway or boss pancreatic channel under fluoroscopic control, trailed by retrograde infusion ( in reverse or change by inversion path ) of difference medium into the bilious trenches. The procedure regularly is performed by a gastroenterologist who is helped by a crew that involves the designer, at least one medical caretakers, and perhaps a radiotherapistPATHOLOGIC INDICATIONSResidual solidification: Rocks might be situated in at least one developments of the bilious channels ( see Fig. 22-18 ) ; during the ERCP, the gastroenterologist might have the option to take them with a specific catheter. Stenosiss: A piece of the bilious trenches may hold been limited ; this warrants farther probe.ContraindicationPrimary contraindications for ERCP incorporate excessive touchiness to iodinated difference medium, intense disease of the bilious framework, conceivable pseudocyst of the pancreas, or potentially raised creatinine as well as BUN degrees.PATIENT PREPARATIONBefore Quiet preparing for ERCP will change dependent on departmental convention. The procedure ought to be plainly disclosed to the patient, and a cautious clinical history taken. The patient ought to be set in a hospital outfit and ought to be NPO in any event 8 hours preceding the procedure. Verify you tell the doctor in the event that you are pregnant, have lung or chest status, have any susceptible to medication. You other than should express the doctor on the off chance that you have stunning chest valve or you have to take any anti-infection before the careful procedure in light of the fact that in the ERCP procedure, you have to take specific anti-microbial for ERCP. On the off chance that you are diabetic patient, and use insulin you should set the portion of the insulin on the twenty-four hours of the examination. It best for you, to pass on your diabetes medicine so that, you can take after the procedure. You should pass on a mindful individual to connect to you after the procedure. This is on the grounds that ; you ought to non drive or run hardware in any event 8 hours, in light of the fact that the medication can do sluggishness. During Prior to the procedure, quiet should have on a hospital outfit and will be request to take eyes spectacless and dental plates. The doctor will talk with the patient what will continue during the examination and will explain any peril. This is the clasp for the patient to ask if at that spot have any request to the doctor. This procedure is direct by the experience endoscopist for around 1 to 2 hours. A neighborhood sedative ( torment reducing medication ) might be applied to the patient pharynx. The patient will make full unwind and sluggish when given torment substitute and ataractic intravenously in the vena. A mouth piece is put in the oral hole. It will non meddle the patient outside breath. The endoscopist will infix endoscope through the oral depression while the patent lying on the left side during the procedure. The endoscope will going down experience the patient belly into the duodenum. Differentiation stuff is infused simple into the bilious waterway and ten shaft is taken . After After complete the procedure, the patient will stay in the recuperation space for roughly 1 to 2 hours for the perception of any adjustments happen. Patient will encounter temporary delicacy in their pharynx. A mindful individual must join to the patient after the procedure. It is prescribed to that person to stay with the patient for 24 hours after the procedure. At the point when the outcome is prepared, it will be sent to the essential consideration or referencing doctor. They will talk the outcome with you. In the event that the result of the procedure required brief clinical, the fundamental understanding will be made. On the off chance that the patient have extreme stomach harming, febrility, chest harming, disorder and proceeds with hack inside 72 hours after the procedure, called the doctor or travel to the closest exigency room.Major EquipmentFluoroscopy is required during course of action of a catheter into the bilious channels and infusion of differentiation media. Postrad iographic pictures might be taken after the flour process.ACCESSORY EQUIPMENTPanpipes of grouped sizes, syringe arrangers, iodinated, water-dissolvable difference media ( perchance a weakened focus to hinder darkening of little solidification ) , emesis balance, baseball gloves, and unfertile drapes are required.PrecautionI. Since the patient ‘s pharynx is anesthetized during the procedure, the patient should remain NPO for in any event 1 hr ( or more ) after the procedure. This will hinder yearning of supplement or fluid into the lungs. 2. Survey the clinical history of the patient to discover whether the patient has pancreatitis or, explicitly, a pseudocyst of the pancreas. Infusing contrast media into a pseudocyst may take to tear, 3. Guarantee that all people in the fluoroscopy room wear defensive aprons.TechniqueThe throat is anesthetized with 4 % Lidocaine splash and the patient is given diazepam 5 mg mm-1 i.v. until quieted. The patient so lies on the left side and the endoscope is presented. The ampulla of Vater is found and the patient is turned inclined. A polythene catheter prefilled with differentiate medium is embedded into the ampulla, holding guaranteed that all air bubbles are prohibited. A little preliminary infusion of differentiation under fluoroscopic control is made to discover the spot of the cannula. It is of import to keep away from over-filling of the pancreas. In the event that it is attractive to opacify both the bilious tree and pancreatic channel, so the last ought to be cannulated preeminent. An example of nerve ought to be sent for progress and affectability if there is grounds of bilious obstructor.ProcedureERCP use ten bar and is act in a stay with uniquely prepare for ten bar and it is done in the clinic. The patient must stay for the time being if the procedure include the expel of bilestones or topographic point a stent during the preliminary. ERCP is finished by a doctor that specializer train inendoscopy. Ordinarily a doctor who authority in sickness of stomach related framework or t

Greece and Rome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Greece and Rome - Essay Example Commitment made by early Romans were gigantic in number including innovation, religion, workmanship, realm engineering, language, government, law, writing and war also. The historical backdrop of Roman Empire is as yet a wellspring of motivation in numerous pieces of world (Cunningham and Reich, 2005). Greek human progress begins from Greek history. It made due from eighth to sixth Century, after that from 146BC to the authority time of Rome. This progress had the dominance of administering on states. The great phase of Greek culture leaves a noteworthy impact on Roman Empire in numerous viewpoints. Greek progress holds a dream which deciphered to various pieces of Mediterranean Region and Europe also. The premise of western human progress is the significant explanation of rich culture in Classical Grecian individuals. The improvement of Classic Greek human progress was seen somewhere in the range of fourth and fifth century (Cunningham and Reich, 2005). Roman and Greek civic establi shments have a place with Mediterranean Region yet at the same time vary in social perspectives. Human advancements hold diverse folklore and carry on with their life in various way. The exceptional distinction is identified with progress. Romans neglected to gain amazing ground in their period. Greece had started their advancement in fifth century BC. On numerous examples, it is assumed that a significant number of the things used by Romans were beforehand a piece of Greek Civilization and Greek created those things (Freeman, 2004). Human advancement accepted to separate individuals in gatherings. The division of Greek society is sorted in five gatherings. These groups’ are ladies, slaves, surgeons, free men and at long last residents. The situation of ladies in Greeks development was even beneath that of a slave. In Romans the status of ladies is higher when contrasted with Greeks and give them equivalent privileges of residents, yet at the same time didn’t offer the m a chance to cast a ballot or work in workplaces having a place with political segment. The gatherings which were found in Roman culture were Plebeians, Patricians, Free Men and Slaves (Moore, 2006). The two civic establishments were motivated by compositional procedures. Their structure was the example bit of creative engineering. In Greek development, the style of design partitions into three significant gatherings. These gatherings were Doric, Ionic and Corinthian. Romans were roused just as motivated by the engineering of Greek structure. Romans received the engineering style of Greeks; they gave a style of Greek design to their structure structures. Romans included water passages and curves in Greek plans and gave them another look (Moore, 2006). The normal control of Greek was considered as horticulture, this occupation utilized just about three quarter of individuals. Greek cape was rough and sloping region, giving intense time to famers. They neglected to deliver enough whe at. Grapes and olives were found in copious amount. Roman ranchers created what they required like furnishings, devices and attire. After some time they began delivering more than their prerequisite and started sending out (Freeman, 2004). The significant divine beings and goddesses of Greek were Poseidon , Aphrodite, Hera, Hades, Hestia, Apollo, Demeter, Artemis, Hephaestus, Aphrodite, Dionysus and Ares. For the most part, various areas venerated similar divine beings or goddess. The act of Greek religion was extending outside Greece also to Asia Minor to Magna Graecia. ApolloIn Greek folklore, Demeter is the goddess of the collect, who managed

Copywriting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Copywriting - Essay Example Promoting in the entirety of its structures adds a lot to the nature of the item and the consequence of its creation. Various mediums likewise set unique expectations concerning the structure and substance of the publicizing duplicate. In the accompanying overview three sorts of publicizing materials will be watched. Every one of them have a place with a similar organization, creating on the web, shareware and CD games for PC, PDA and cell phones. These materials are as per the following: a bulletin with the publicizing of another game, a printed ad of another CD discharged and a flag as the example of online advertising.It is important to watch the fundamental tips that a marketing specialist needs to watch while composing either sort of material. The primary thing to be analyzed is a bulletin that is conveyed to the client via mail. The central matters that are to be considered generally concern the type of things to come composing. The heading should be educational and brief. It o ught to contain the data that would catch a client's eye and make him read further. (Hallahan) The best of all is show the advantage which would be accessible for the client with the assistance of the item advertised.Of course, imagination and metaphor are welcome, as they include passionate component. Unquestionably, feature may likewise execute other thought †it might be captivating, yet not dark, or it might contain some fundamental subject, however this ought to be sufficiently clear to be comprehended by any customer.(Hallahan) The pamphlet we watch begins with the feature Air pocket Obsession walks into fight. It might appear to be muddled and silly from the start sight, yet some explanation will be useful. This pamphlet is conveyed to the current customers of the organization, not to the potential clients to connect with them to purchase another rendition of an old item, an Air pocket Shooter game, so they recognize what it is going about and they are getting educated th at the accompanying content will enlighten them concerning new highlights of an old item. In the event that this content is seen by an individual who didn't see the past discharge, he is probably going to be captivated and to continue perusing. The other rule advices to identify the most exceptional highlights of the item, and put them as a rundown of be clear and brief focuses, as, for example the point client profiles with photographs of every player in the letter we watch. The just one comment that can be alluded to the fact of the matter is that it is progressively desirable over depict an element from the perspective of the advantage the client would pick up, instead of the component of the item. (Hallahan) So, the point refered to from the letter is to seem like you may now make and spare your profile with photograph. Most definitely, it ought to be separated into a few entries, every one of them depicting the highlights that are recorded previously. Here is the example entry: Your entire family makes certain to get required into unlimited long periods of playing. Because of the chance of making player profiles, everybody's down and settings are spared independently. Here you may make your profile with the photograph, your own one or one of those included into the game. The other vital point to be followed alludes to the style of the composition. It ought to be written in short sentences, with simple words. Dynamic voice and current state are likewise best. Obviously, it is important to watch accentuation and punctuation. (Hallahan) Those prerequisites are satisfied in the composition: Adaptable 3D graphical impacts make the game truly live and relaxing. You may modify the impacts completely to your taste and PC. The subsequent duplicate to be inspected is printed publicizing. Printed advertisement ought to contain feature, caption, body, signature, obligatory, delineation. Caption explains the feature, giving more data, signature contains the name or logo of the organization, compulsory incorporates terms and conditions and outline may contain designs. (Marcus) This duplicate contains these components. Here is the case of the caption: Our organization wishes you and your families Merry Christmas and Happy occasions! We present to you our Christmas present -

Main Character Marjane in Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi - Free Essay Example

In Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi, the main character, Marjane, develops a dynamic character. A dynamic character is one that changes, grows, or learns a lesson at some point during the narrative. Marjane develops and changes throughout the book through her eye size as well as the cigarette. These two symbols are crucial in understanding how Marjane unfolds into a dynamic character throughout the book. In the chapter titled the Cigarette, the reader is introduced to the cigarette. The cigarette symbolizes the insubordination of Marjane towards her mother at a young age. This rebellious behaviour is illustrated in the book on page 117, As for me, I sealed my act of rebellion against my mothers dictatorship by smoking the cigarette Id stolen from my uncle two weeks earlier. (Satrapi, 117) This quote really demonstrates how Marjanes mother seems like a dictator to her during her childhood and with the cigarette she ended her childhood and begins to advance to adulthood. This can also be related to the Iranian revolution which is occuring in their country right now. The dictator of Iran, Reza Shah Pahlavi, looks over the revolution and explains how to act and strictly controls the country. Similarly, Marjanes mother strictly watches over her and enforces what she can and cannot do. This is illustrated on page 38, When I finally understood the reasons for the revolution I made my decis ion. Tomorrow we are going to demonstrate.(Satrapi, 38) This act of going to the demonstration reinforces Marjanes rebellious behaviors. On the next page, her parents found out that Mehri and Marjane went to the demonstration even though her parents strictly explain that it is simply too dangerous for the two of them to attend the demonstrations against the revolution. These two acts confirms that Marjanes mother was similar to a dictator through Marjanes perspective. Also, both acts confirm that Marjane is beginning to act like a rebellious person and is developing that dynamic character. Throughout the book, Satrapi uses the characters eye size to symbolize their open mindedness and innocence. The eye size of various characters changes throughout the book as they begin to develop and move on to different stages of their life. One way that this is illustrated is from the first page where we are introduced to young Marjane as well as a controversial symbol of the revolution. On page three we can make an observation that Marjanes eye size at that time was large. On that same page we can also see her innocence through, We didnt really like to wear the veil especially since we didnt understand why we had to.(Satrapi, 3) This statement alone really demonstrates Marjanes lack of understanding about the war and how she was kind of open to the veil at first and how she wasnt rebelling as much. At this young of an age she really had no option. Another similar example to this is on page 90 where Marjanes parents friends house was bombed and they had to stay with her family for a place to stay. They had two children and their eye size is quite large. On page 92, the children appear to show innocence and they are naive, I want that! I want that!. Whats flatulence? (Satrapi 92) On this page, Marjane and her parents went with their two very young children to stock up on some food while their town, Tehran, was getting bombed. Their children were being very naive and wanted to get things that they didnt need. This shows that they dont know the severity of the revolution. Also, they were making immature jokes in the store when everyone is expressing sorrow and more focused on the revolution. An example where the different characters eyes were getting smaller was when they were chasing Marjanes classmate, Ramin, with nails between her fingers with the intent to harm him because of his fathers beliefs. On page 45 satrapi illustrates the lack of innocence,My idea was to put nails between our fingers like American brass knuckles and to attack Ramin. (Satrapi, 45) On this panel the eyes appeared to be so small that they were almost closed. Satrapi was using this to show the wrongdoings of Marjane and her friends. The eye size demonstrates Marjane becoming a more dynamic character as it symbolized the stage of her life she is in and how she changes throughout the book. All in all, it can be concluded that Satrapi illustrates that Marjane is a dynamic character through many symbols. Eye size and the cigarette strictly show how Marjane develops in the book both as a character and how her Ideologies change.

Essay on Madness in King Lear Act 4 - 848 Words

Madness in King Lear: Act 4 In Shakespeares play King Lear, Shakespeare introduces many themes. The most important theme shown in King Lear is the theme of madness. During the course of this play madness is shown in the tragic hero, King Lear. King Lear develops madness right in the beginning of the play but he actually shows it in Act 4. In this act, King Lear is not only at the peak of madness but it is also shown him coming out of his madness as well. This act is likely to be the most important act because it shows the phases King Lear goes through, from complete madness to him coming out of his madness and realizing his mistake, the point of tragic vision. The theme of madness in King Lear is first shown in the act through Cordelias†¦show more content†¦King Lear is shown completely insane, through his garments and his speeches to Gloucester and Edgar. In one of his speeches, King Lear makes comments about a mouse and a bird that are not present. quot;..Look look, a mouse! Peace, peace; this piece of toasted cheese will do it†¦O, well flown, bird!quot; [iv, vi, 88-91]. This statement was the first sign of him being mad. At the beginning of Act 4, it was just mentioned that King Lear was gone mad, this was the first sign of proof that he was indeed mad. Although King Lear shows signs of being mad, he also shows signs of being sane. This is shown through him knowing the cause of him being mad. If King Lear was completely mad he would not be able to justify the reason for his madness. In [iv, vi, 96-105] he states that his daughters’ have done him wrong and shows signs of insanity when he calls Gloucester Goneril. quot;Ha! Goneril with a white beard? They flattered me like a dog, and told me I had white hairs in my beard ere the black ones were there. To say ‘Ay’ and ‘no’ too was no good divinity†¦Go to, they are not men o’ their words! They told me I was everything. ‘Tis a lie- I am not ague-proof.quot; This quote shows Lear’s sanity. Lear may have qualities in him to make him seem mad but he possess sanity, enough to know the cause of his madness. This possession of sanity soon brings King Lear to his moment of tragic vision. King Lear’s moment of tragic vision comes when he isShow MoreRelatedThe Theme Of Madness In Shakespeare, By William Shakespeare927 Words   |  4 PagesMadness can be defined as the state of mental delusion/ mentally ill or showing extremely foolish/eccentric behavior which begins with anger. The incorporation of madness in literature has been a long-standing tradition and can be encountered in these three works: King Lear by William Shakespeare where he tells the story about King Lear whose madness has been promoted by his two daughters, Regan and Goneril, â€Å"Daddy† by Sylvia Plath, where she reveals her anguish at her father’s death, she also disclosesRead More Essay on Edgars role in King Lear, Act 3, Scene 4806 Words   |  4 Pages Edgars role in King Lear, Act 3, Scene 4 In Act 3, Scene 4, Edgar takes on the roles of a madman, and a spirit. In counterfeiting madness, he not only hides from an unjust death, but also serves as a character that resembles King Lear: (1) Both are deceived by family; (2) Both are outcasts of Gloucesters castle; (3) Both are threatened with death; and (4) Both enter into a form of madness. But, whereas King Lear actually becomes mad, Edgar only feigns madness. 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Each character in the play experience s one or the other throughout the progression of the plot, it is evident that through compositional features such as these, the play write is trying to convey this meaning. Through methods such as intense imagery, motifs, repetition of words and rhyming the play write has given intensity to certainRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1470 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s tragedies accentuate the qualities of human behavior and interactions with others when faced with adversity where the emotions of greed, ambition and madness are strongly expressed. Insight into the character’s psyche and moral values is explored to give understanding of the logic and reasoning behind the ways humans act. Harboring a universal and timeless quality, Shakespeare’s plays have the ability to exceed the restraints of the cultural values during the Elizabethan era, making

Reflective Reflection - 938 Words

Within this essay I will be concentrating on explaining how an individual can implement reflection in their learning experiences. Applying skills of reflection to a particular learning experience such as induction week will be the main focus of this essay as it will convey the importance of reflecting upon the experience of working with other students. During the induction week for the foundation degree students, our tutors thoroughly explained the details about this health and social care course to us and then introduced a communication activity to the whole class which beheld the purpose of us getting to know each other. Our aim was to turn around to a person that was sitting next to us and find out three facts about them. When I heard†¦show more content†¦Additionally to this, communication is the mechanism and a tool that pulls people together, making them understand their emotions, values and beliefs. Strong communication skills can really improve one’s leadership abilities, including motivating subordinates at work or family members at home (Sheppard, 2011). Through this experience I have learnt that not all stress is bad. Stress can have a strong impact on our nervous system which can help the performance of the physical and mental aspects of the body. It increases in blood flow to the brain and peripheral body can increase mental and physical functioning of the whole body (Hussar, 2012). I learnt that communication is a skill that is valuable to everyone in whatever environment or/and profession they are in. That through communication with one another we learn about other individuals such as learning facts about them just like I did in the ‘getting to know each other’ activity. Looking outside this ongoing programme, I know that this experience has given me practice in how to effectively let the conversation flow which will be something that I will be using throughout my whole life. For example, when going into a health and social care profession I will be meeting different kinds of people in different kinds of situations and it will be my priority and responsibility to deliver the best quality of help and support for those that are in care. There will be new clients coming in that are in need of support and in thisShow MoreRelatedReflective Reflection On Reflective Practice2289 Words   |  10 PagesReflection is considered as a state of mind which is a continuous practice (Fanghanel, 2004, p. 576). It yields confidential and safe ways to demonstrate personal experiences as well as continuously challenging perceptions, illusions and biases that can be damaging to cultures and society. 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One of these reflective models will be used to provide a critical analysis of my experience on the Study Skills and Employability module. Critical reflection will be included on how I felt during the module and what I have learnt from the module as well as what I would do next time if I was to repeat the module again. Reflection/ Reflective practice Reflection involves looking back on an experienceRead MoreReflective Reflection895 Words   |  4 PagesI do not recall learning about reflective practice in my undergraduate studies. Reflective practice according to Barbour (2013), â€Å"is the cyclic process of internally examining and exploring an issue of concern, triggered by an experience, which creates and clarifies meaning in terms of self, existing knowledge, and experience; resulting in a changed conceptual perceptive and practice† (p. 7). According to Barbour (2013), reflective process has many positive outcomes to help guide the nurse to becomeRead MoreReflective Reflection819 Words   |  4 PagesThis reflective essay will be adopted from Rolfe, Freshwater and Jasper’s (2001) reflection model. This reflection is based on a case study that I have read and will be based on the intervention I have chosen to treat the patient. Mr. Castello was admitted to the ward for observation after a fight and sustainin g a laceration to his right forehead from a beer bottle and extensive bruising and scratches to his left arm. Mr. Castello had a pre-existing chest infection, Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM)Read MoreReflective Reflection : Reflective Learning913 Words   |  4 PagesReflective learning leads to the growth of an individual both in the personal and professional life supporting him morally, emotionally and psychologically. Reflection learning can help us better understand our strengths and weakness. It also helps us identify our questions values and beliefs. It encourages acknowledging and challenging possible assumptions on which our feelings, ideas actions and reactions are based. We can identify the areas of discrimination and acknowledge our fears. Also, itRead MoreReflective Reflection On Reflective Practice1474 Words   |  6 PagesReflection is a form of personal response to experiences, situations and events. Reflective practice therefore is based on experience and instinctive learning that one may not aware of it until responded to the situation. It demonstrates how to combine with ones qualities and clinical knowledge and skills in order to .deliver safe and effective patient care. (Jones, 2016).Individuals reflects because issues arise that needs to be considered both before and after one performs. The piece of reflectionRead MoreReflective Reflection On Reflective Practice1332 Words   |  6 Pages Reflective Practice in Special Education Using Action Research Sunny Suzanne West St. Joseph’s University Course Title â€Æ' Abstract: Reflective Practices in Special Education Using Action Research Title and Link to Study: Promoting Reflective Practices in Special Education through Action Research: Recommendations from Pre-service Teachers; Paula Wenner Conroy http://journals.library.wisc.edu/index.php/networks Research Problem and Purpose of the Study: What is reflective

Business Sustainability Report

Question: Discuss about the Business Sustainability Report. Answer: Introduction: The company Eagle Valley Health Foods deals in the production of health oriented snack bars. Since there is a growing inclination of public towards healthy consumption, so the company has recently incurred considerable amount of profit (Zaharia,and Zaharia 2013). The company CEO Mr. Martin Clifton wants to improve sustainability aspect of the company, as he believes that would be improving the performance of the company and improve reputation. Considering the limited budget of the company, the CEO has been inclined to hire a CSR consultant who would help in implementation of the best CSR initiative in the organization. This report will help in producing the possible suggestions for sustainability. Findings Discussions The Eagle Valley Health Foods carries out its operation on the eastern outskirts of the Perth City. The production is carried out in the two story warehouse where in there is both factory area and company office. Corrugated iron structure became hot in the summer and cold in the winter so electricity bills escalated as it was used for heating and cooling. The use of electricity is likely to create a harmful environment and increases the health risk of people working in that environment. This is the reason why there is a need for the CSR in the actions. There are six core characteristics of CSR. Firstly, there are voluntary activities that are seen to go beyond the law. There are companies that tend to seek outside that of the legal compliance. Secondly, it is important to manage the externalities as the cost would be then be borne by local communities (berseder, Schlegelmilch and Murphy 2013). CSR would help in creating a voluntary approach in managing the externalities. Thirdly, the re are ranges of interest included among the stakeholders along with that of the shareholders (Amaladoss and Manohar 2013). Fourthly, the firms derive some economic benefits when it follows the social responsibility in business (Rahim 2015). Fifthly, the practices and strategies that are followed by the company Eagle Valley Health Foods should be dealing with a social issue but there are circumstances when consumers tend to ask for more. Finally, it is seen that real CSR is beyond just philanthropy rather it is all about the business function affecting the society (Richards et al. 2015). All these aspects will help in maintaining the main thrust of CSR in the organization. Findings Discussions The company Eagle Valley Health Foods is a small private enterprise operating in Western Australia. The main venue of CSR includes the business world. In case of such a small firm, the formalization of CSR for the small firms is informal. The main actors in CSR for a small private firm like Eagle Valley Health Foods are the employees and the owner managers. The main motive of the company is to build trust, networks and personal relations (Rahim 2015). The general trend that is noticed in the SMEs include that they do not try to communicate about the activities of CSR. The main reason for this is many, there is no formulated structure and there is no need for bureaucracy as there is an advantage of small size and proximity to that of the stakeholders and partners. There is no structured and codified approach followed rather there is informal approach. Eagle Valley Health Foods being a small private firm is not visible or pronounced like that of the large corporations so the major rela tionship is quite important between the managers or the owners with that of the suppliers , employees, customers or the neighbours. The personal relationship for the small private firm is very important which is typically identified as CSR and that which is targeted to the building of the trust, networks and good personal relations (Galbreath and Shum 2012). There is no control or ownership right unlike that of the large firms. In such a case, the managers they tend to maximise their return on investment. There is an autonomy that is enjoyed by the firm and most of the time is devoted in seeking to maximise the profit (Crane, Matten and Spence 2013).There is a serious problem as there is huge consumption of water for the production of the health bars in Eagle Valley Health Foods. As a CSR aspect, there is a need for utilising the water resources in the most judicious manner as water is a non-renewable resource and availability of it is very limited (Bevan and Yung 2015). Conclusion Recommendations: The CSR of the small private firms in the parts of Australasia has a tendency to address the social issues through the collective actions and the policies of the government. In South Africa and Australia, there is higher degree of expectation that is directed towards companies so that rights of the aboriginal and black people are upheld. This will help in getting them with good employment opportunities. In case of the company, Eagle Valley Health Foods as CSR consultant it is recommended to reduce the electricity bill so that it helps in reducing cost. This could possibly be reduced when the company invests more into solar panels as this is a cheaper source of electricity generation. To reach the sustainability in the water consumption the cost can be reduce when dry machining are installed in the process of production. There will be a need for very less amount of water. In place of the use of corrugated iron in building the factory the factory needs to be renovated through the use o f wood in place of iron. There is a need for renovation as the there has been no renovation since 1960s. The use of cross ventilation is another solution there is a need for the air to circulate freely. Wood will be able to tolerate all sorts of temperatures. Since the small private company is located in the outskirt area of Perth, so the cost of transportation needs is high, as the raw material needs to be fetched from far off location. This needs to be reduced by getting local or regional produce as source of raw material. It is recommended that for expanding globally there is an option for the company to acquire, merger or follow the joint venture as a market entry strategy. The CSR related concerns will be going to be address when the company build a relationship with the stakeholder. The above sustainable approaches will help the Company Eagle Valley Health Foods to get more revenue and help in enhancing the reputation of the company. Reference: Zaharia, C. and Zaharia, I., 2013. The Impact Of CSR On Consumers'attitude And Behavior.Economics, Management and Financial Markets,8(1), p.118. Amaladoss, M.X. and Manohar, H.L., 2013. Communicating corporate social responsibilityA case of CSR communication in emerging economies.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,20(2), pp.65-80. berseder, M., Schlegelmilch, B. B., and Murphy, P. E. (2013). CSR practices and consumer perceptions.Journal of Business Research,66(10), 1839-1851. Rahim, M.M., 2015. Regulating Quality in CSR Reporting in Australia.Rahim, Mia Mahmudur, Vicario, Victor (2015)'Regulating Quality in CSR Reporting in Australia', New Zealand University Law Review. Richards, Z., Thomas, S.L., Randle, M. and Pettigrew, S., 2015. Corporate Social Responsibility programs of Big Food in Australia: a content analysis of industry documents.Australian and New Zealand journal of public health,39(6), pp.550-556. Bevan, E.A. and Yung, P., 2015. Implementation of corporate social responsibility in Australian construction SMEs.Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management,22(3), pp.295-311. Crane, A., Matten, D. and Spence, L.J., 2013. Corporate social responsibility in a global context.Chapter in: Crane, A., Matten, D., and Spence, LJ,'Corporate Social Responsibility: Readings and Cases in a Global Context,2, pp.3-26. Galbreath, J. and Shum, P., 2012. Do customer satisfaction and reputation mediate the CSRFP link? Evidence from Australia.Australian Journal of Management,37(2), pp.211-229. Rahim, M.M., 2015. Regulating Quality in CSR Reporting in Australia.Rahim, Mia Mahmudur, Vicario, Victor (2015)'Regulating Quality in CSR Reporting in Australia', New Zealand

Stateless societies Essay Example

Stateless societies Essay A few scholars would argue that stateless societies imply lack of proper law and order mechanism, while some other scholars would suggest that there was a particular system of maintaining law and order even in the stateless societies. In the stateless societies, one may not find the centralized law enforcing authorities that are noticeable in the modern times. Stateless societies give the impression that they are disorderly and chaotic. Although such societies lack proper order, one may not consider them as chaotic. In the stateless societies, there is no concentration of powers in the hands of a single authority. Even in societies that lack state institutions, there are mechanisms by which law and order is maintained. The members of the society can collectively decide regarding the accepted ways of behavior. There can be consensus among the different members of the society regarding the methods of maintaining particular social order. Those people who break the norms and customs of the society can be punished by the community. However, such punishments may not be unjust so that they do not overcompensate the crime committed by the person. There are no written rules regarding the kind of punishment that a particula r crime deserves. In such a society, there are also provisions for settling disputes among different members so that some sort of order is maintained. However, this is not to mean that stateless societies were ideal societies. There were several instances of norm breaking activities. In such cases, the local community were given the authority to punish the offenders. Even in the absence of centralized administrators, it was possible to maintain some sort of order and avoid chaos. The potential criminals and norm offenders were discouraged by the earlier examples of punishment given to the people who tried to threaten the peace and order in the society. Thus, the stateless societies may not be considered as chaotic although there were many instances of norm breaking activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Stateless societies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stateless societies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stateless societies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

The change essays

The change essays Some examples of bureaucracy in the United States are: the International Revenue Service, which collects taxes from citizens. The Federal Bureau of Investigation, which looks into crimes for American citizens. The Postal Service, which delivers mail to citizens and the Health Care Financing Administration, which reimburses states fro money, spent on health care for the poor. An Iron Triangle is the relationship among an agency, a committee and an interest group. For example the Department of Veterans Affairs is a triangle made up of the house and Senate committees on Veteran Affairs and Veterans organizations. These three would make up a strong alliance with each other. The department would do what the committee wanted them to do and in return get political support and budget appropriations and the committee would do what the department wanted and in return get votes and campaign contributions. The Department of Housing and Urban Developing is also and Iron Triangle because it works closely with mayors and real-estate agents. Another example of this is the Department of Agriculture, which works closely with form agencies. The Small Business Administration works closely with congress and loan programs that make it so strong that even the most popular President cannot beat them. The Federal Communications Commission works with broadcasters and heads of cable-television companies. They however are feeling the pressure of separate demands coming from both the television guys as well as the broadcasters. The common government agency today is not an iron triangle but an issue network. An issue network consists of people in Washington based interest groups, on congressional staffs, in universities and think tanks, and in the mass media who regularly debate government policy on a certain subject. The networks are split along political, ideological, and economic lines. ...

Homework Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Homework - Coursework Example The movement called for the formation of a sub treasury, land reform, currency reform, and the empowerment of the common people. The movement advocated for anti-elitist opposition in confronting mainstream parties and established interest. Eugene V. Debs was instrumental in leading the workers revolt in Pullman town. Debs was influential in forming the American Railway Union-ARU, which included unskilled and skilled workers into one organization (Roark et al 413). Through his leadership of the ARU, he intended at assisting the striking workers of Pullman in their struggle. His action to spearhead the Pullman strike ensured that he boycotted the court’s injunction and this eventually saw him incarcerated while the striking workers quest got defeated by the government in collusion with the industrialists. America’s war with Spain was prompted by a moral outcry over the Spanish colonial regime’s treatment of Cuban revolutionaries who had launched a fight for independence. The war against Spain appears to have been fraud fuelled by yellow journalism that arose from newspaper competition between Joseph Pulitzer’s ‘world’ and William Randolph Hearst’s ‘journal’ (Roark et al 486). Further pressure from expansionists who had business interests in Cuba as well as Asia contributed to the

The successes of the Ottoman-Turk Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The successes of the Ottoman-Turk Empire - Essay Example The military strength of the Ottoman Empire in terms of the advanced weapons they used was immense. These weapons were acquired from those places they conquered and also as a result of the large wealth that enabled them to purchase the weapons. This gave them an upper hand when it came to fighting other empires and they therefore acquired a large land. The military number was great and especially because the Ottoman used two different types of military tapping on the strengths of each group. These two groups were the locals and the Kapti Kallari forces and the locals. The strength exuded by such military power led to the success of the whole empire in general. Lastly is the wealth of the empire which made them unapproachable by other states which might have wanted to conquer them. The wealth was contributed by the increase in land of the empire and also wealth left behind by the Byzantine empire. The relationship between the Turks and non-Turks was very noble and people had no issues with their diversity whether from religion or even tribe. During the Ottoman Empire leadership, the Turks were very tolerant of the other people that were non-Turkish. The Ottoman people were Turks and they were Muslims but the rest of the people within that location were Christians but they related no different with them than they related with their own tribesmen and religious men. The leaders showed their fellow tribesmen that all people were equal and they could coexist if they accepted their diversity. This is another reason that made this empire very strong because they embraced diversity (Goldschmidt and Davidson, 2012). The leadership of the Ottoman empire was almost in sync with the leadership in Europe and since Europe did not tolerate religious or tribal prejudices, then the empire did also not tolerate it. The issue to note however is the fact that

Financial Terms Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Financial Terms Worksheet Essay Understanding health care financial terms is a prerequisite for both academic and professional success. This assignment is intended to ensure you understand some of the basic terms used in this course. Complete the worksheet below according to the following guidelines: In the space provided, write each term’s definition as used in health care management. You must define the term in your own words. In the space provided after each term’s definition, summarize a health care management scenario that illustrates the importance of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool to which the term refers. In the scenario, you may wish to consider the following: Why the skill, concept, procedure, or tool is necessary for accurate record keeping, operational efficiency, excellent patient services, employee management, regulatory compliance, reducing costs, forecasting, and so forth Successes enabled by an adequate understanding or appropriate application of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool Risks or failures associated with an inadequate understanding or inappropriate application of the skill, concept, procedure, or tool Save the completed worksheet as a Microsoft ® Word document with your name in the file name. Submit the file to your instructor. Worksheet Submitted By: Keila Quintanila [Type your name here.] Term Definition Scenario Balance sheet A fiscal statement that summarizes a companys assets, liabilities, shareholders equity at a specific point in time and net worth. This statement will display if the organization is in good fiscal standing or not and if they can meet their long-term fiscal responsibilities. The director asked for the titles of the four financial statements that included in an audited financial report, which are the following: Balance Sheet statement, Income Statement, Statement of Cash Flows, Statement of Fund Balance or Net Worth or Equity statement. Statement of revenue and expense A statement summarizes amount of profit earned minus the amount of operating expense. The statement will indicate the difference as profit or loss. The health care manager purchased some medical equipment, in which he will enter in the statement of revenue and expense; the document will show the amount of profit earned and the minus amount of operating expenses. This will clearly shows the difference as profit or loss. Revenue cycle The revenue cycle starts with meeting of customers, following any transactions during the period of transactions and continues with a  company/customer association. The salesman has brought revenue into the company. Furthermore, the salesman describe that, the Revenue Cycle beings with meeting with customers, presenting the product and closing the sale during specific time; but more important is to have a continues business relationship with company and customers. Payer mix Medical practice: Medicaid, Medicare, indemnity insurance, managed care–of monies received by a medical practice Medical organizations predict third party payer mixes so that they can precisely predict their profits for the coming term. Revenue The amount of currency that a company essentially receives during a specific period, including discounts and deductions for returned products. It is the top line or gross income figure from which costs are subtracted to define net income. The medical organization, revenue is the money received from insurance companies, payer mix that brings in from the rendered services. The medical organization usually calculates and report revenue for a quarter or a year. References Baker, J. J., Baker, R. W. (2011). Health care finance: Basic tools for nonfinancial managers (3rd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Publishers.

Brave New World Introduction Essay -- essays research papers fc

BRAVE NEW WORLD Introduction This novel was written by Aldous Huxley in 1932. It is a fable about a world state in the 7th century A.F. (after Ford), where social stability is based on a scientific caste system. Human beings, graded from highest intellectuals to lowest manual workers, hatched from incubators and brought up in communal nurseries, learn by methodical conditioning to accept they social destiny. The action of the story develops round Bernard Marx, and an unorthodox and therefore unhappy alpha- plus ( something had presumably gone wrong with his antenatal treatment), who vivits a new Mexican Reservetion and brings a savage back to London. The savage is at first fascinated by the New World, but finally revolted, and his argument with Mustafa Mond, world controller, demonstrate the incompability of individual freedom and a scientifically trouble- free society. In Brave New World Revisted 1958, Huxley reconsiders his prophecies and fears that some of this might be coming true much sooner than he thought. In Brave New World, he turned to the apologue. It was a descion that has profound consequences upon his novels and upon his critical reputation. In a 1961 interview Huxley explained his conception of Brave New World. "The new forces of technology , pharmaceutics, and social conditioning can iron modern humans into a kind of uniformity, if you were able to manipulate their genetic background. if you had a government unscrupulous enough you could do these things without any doubt.we are getting more and more into a position where these things can be achieved. And it is extremely important to realize this, and to take every possible precaution to see they shall be not achieved". One of the novel ´s chief rethorical strategies is to make all readers recognize what so few characters can comprehend : that preserving freedom and diversity is necessary to avoid suffering the repressions fostered by shallow ideas of progress. Huxley makes his ironic stance clear from the beginning by contrasting the book ´s title with the action of his first scene : counterpoint to the novel ´s opening at the central London Hatchering and Conditioning Center, a factory that creates on a conveyor belt the citizens for the Brave New World. BNW is one more memorable and successful for its overall portrayal of a society that for its delination of plot or psy... ...rminated by the State. The individuality of BNW is systematically stifled. A government bureau, the Predestinators, decides a prospective citizen ´s role in the hierarchy. Children are raised and conditioned by the state bureaucracy, not brought up by natural families. Respect belongs only to society as a whole. Citizens must not fall in love, marry or have their own kids. The individual ´s loyalty is owed to the state alone. BNW, then is centered around control and manipulation. Conclusion Those fears where the expectations of Aldous Huxley for a not too far future. His predictions got close of what is doing today science, clones... Those are predictions that are getting fulfilled as prophecies and we should warned all this, because who knows if one day some of us become Alphas and others Betas and so on... Bibliography: GRAN LAROUSE UNIVERSAL Barcelona.Ed. Plaza & Janà ©s,1992 Concise Companion to English Literature. Edited by Drabble and Jenny Stringer Revised Edition.Oxford University Press. New York, 1986 BAKER,PH. EMERSON,G., Et Al. Concise Companion of English Literature Biography. Modern Writers, 1914-1945. Vol. 6. Gale Research Inc. Detroit,MI.

The Role of Alan Turing in the History of Computing

The role of Alan Turing in the history of computing Alan Mathison Turing was born on 23 June 1912, Paddington, London. He was a true pioneer in computer science and if it were not for this man, no one would probably be typing an essay based on him on a modern computer. He is renowned for his passion of mathematics and the invention of the Turing machine/test, breaking the German enigma code during World War One, and for making the first automated computing machine (the ACE).At an early age he was sent to preparatory school by his parents, he attended these until enrolling at Sherbourne in 1926. His teachers there were surprised to find him working through the long way for the answers to questions, after Sherbourne Turing enrolled at King’s College where he became a mathematics scholar in 1931 where he began his studies in maths and logistics. He was elected at King’s and won the Smith’s award in 1936 for a paper he wrote on the â€Å"Gaussian error function†, this is when he began work to develop The Turing Machine. Copeland, 2004) But later in 1936 he moved to the United States to study at Princeton for two years where he studied the theory of computation and in 1937 presented a paper called â€Å"On computable numbers, with an application to the â€Å"Entscheidungs problem† and soon to challenge David Hilbert’s three questions put forward to the best of the mathematical minds, which were; Was maths complete? Was maths constant? , was maths decidable? (Hodges, 1992; Copeland 2004).Though his work on the Entscheidungs problem he began working on to define what a method was, and through that he came up with the Turing machine theory which can be said to be a mechanical process that was able to perform all the operations a person working with a logical system would be able to perform this theory compares human thought processes to that of a machine, which in the Turing machine theory are categorized as terms of inputs, o utputs and machine states.The Turing machine is a simple computer. It’s limited to a logical set of instructions by reading and writing symbols on a tape and moving the tape one step to the left or right and then look at what’s written in the resulting square, each symbol had a specific way to be turned into a new symbol e. g. if the symbol is a â€Å"0† move it two spaces right and turn it into a â€Å"1†. So a algorithm for a calculation the list of instructions are quite long, but the complexity of instructions are very short.The Turing Machine at the time was the only one designed to perform multiple tasks and functions. Turing’s vision was what we currently use today as a modern computer (Copeland, 2012). Soon after this period World War two began and the Polish were bracing themselves from an invasion from the Germans, When Polish mathematician Marian Rejewski attempted to break the German enigma machine which is a mechanical ciphering machin e which had the purpose of a message only being read and understood by the receiver.Marian made the polish bomby which works like a combination of many enigma machines e. g. if SAW stood for GJK then both would be put in the bomby and every possible combination would be sorted through and would stop when a possible match was found, this worked well until 1938 when Germany added two more rotors to the Enigma (Schmidl, 1998), sadly the Polish had to leave Poland and forced to team up with the English and French and this where Alan Turing’s true genius was put into application and saved hundreds and thousands of lives.Turing then put the Polish’s efforts into action, the British had a lot more resources which consisted of about ten thousand people working on the encoding of the Enigma, Turing created The Turing Bombe which was a lot more efficient than the bomby and it differed in the way that instead of trying to rely on a certain indicator decode a certain message sent, it went after the specific message using word probability.Once the message was solved a ’menu’ was put on the bombe and was then put in its proper setting, was given information and let it run until it matched with the rotors, Three to Seven months later a set of three rotors were place in the scrambler unit, this made the processing a lot faster as the scrambler unit made the current go from the fast, medium then the slow rotor.Eventually the codes made by the Germans became clearer and they lost their advantage in World War two, and the U boats who were sinking the supply ships from America and Canada to Great Britain, could not locate the supply ships for the first 23 days of June 1941 (Kozaczuk, 1984). After World war two Turing went to work for the National Physical Laboratory in 1945 where he made the first plan for the first Automated Computing Machine for the Association for Computing Engineering (the ACE). Unfortunately the ACE was never completed as he moved to the University of Manchester to develop an even more advanced computing machine (MADAM).With all of Turing’s work he had proved David Hilbert wrong with all three questions with the fact that a certain class of mathematical problems which could not be solved by automatic machines and had introduced the concept of a single theoretical universal computing machine, which of course is now known as the Turing Machine. In 1947 he tried to find out if there was any relationship with computers and nature and Turing was certain that by about the year 2050 that a thinking machine would mimic the thoughts of a human and it was in 1949 he published a paper called â€Å"intelligent machines† (Copeland, 2005)Alan Turing passed away on 7 June 1954, he was found in his bed with an half eaten apple beside his bed, which was apparently dipped in cyanide on purpose by himself so he could commit suicide as he was supposedly depressed after being found guilty of homosexuality by the Br itish courts. But there is little evidence to support this theory of Turing committing suicide (Pease, 2012). Bibliography Schmidl, H. , (1998) On Enigma and a Method for its Decryption http://www. cs. miami. edu/~harald/enigma/index. html Kozaczuk, W. (1984), Enigma: How the German Machine Cipher Was Broken, and How It Was Read by the Allies in World War Two, (2nd ed. ), Frederick, Maryland: University Publications of America. Hodges, A. , (1992), Alan Turing: the enigma, London: Burnett Books. P. 26-34. Copeland, B. J. , (2004) The Essential Turing. Oxford: Oxford University Press Pease, R. , Alan Turing: Inquest's suicide verdict ‘not supportable' (June 26,2012). , BBC News, science and environment. Copeland, B. J. , Alan Turing. net, the Turing archive for the history of computing (2012). The Role of Alan Turing in the History of Computing The role of Alan Turing in the history of computing Alan Mathison Turing was born on 23 June 1912, Paddington, London. He was a true pioneer in computer science and if it were not for this man, no one would probably be typing an essay based on him on a modern computer. He is renowned for his passion of mathematics and the invention of the Turing machine/test, breaking the German enigma code during World War One, and for making the first automated computing machine (the ACE).At an early age he was sent to preparatory school by his parents, he attended these until enrolling at Sherbourne in 1926. His teachers there were surprised to find him working through the long way for the answers to questions, after Sherbourne Turing enrolled at King’s College where he became a mathematics scholar in 1931 where he began his studies in maths and logistics. He was elected at King’s and won the Smith’s award in 1936 for a paper he wrote on the â€Å"Gaussian error function†, this is when he began work to develop The Turing Machine. Copeland, 2004) But later in 1936 he moved to the United States to study at Princeton for two years where he studied the theory of computation and in 1937 presented a paper called â€Å"On computable numbers, with an application to the â€Å"Entscheidungs problem† and soon to challenge David Hilbert’s three questions put forward to the best of the mathematical minds, which were; Was maths complete? Was maths constant? , was maths decidable? (Hodges, 1992; Copeland 2004).Though his work on the Entscheidungs problem he began working on to define what a method was, and through that he came up with the Turing machine theory which can be said to be a mechanical process that was able to perform all the operations a person working with a logical system would be able to perform this theory compares human thought processes to that of a machine, which in the Turing machine theory are categorized as terms of inputs, o utputs and machine states.The Turing machine is a simple computer. It’s limited to a logical set of instructions by reading and writing symbols on a tape and moving the tape one step to the left or right and then look at what’s written in the resulting square, each symbol had a specific way to be turned into a new symbol e. g. if the symbol is a â€Å"0† move it two spaces right and turn it into a â€Å"1†. So a algorithm for a calculation the list of instructions are quite long, but the complexity of instructions are very short.The Turing Machine at the time was the only one designed to perform multiple tasks and functions. Turing’s vision was what we currently use today as a modern computer (Copeland, 2012). Soon after this period World War two began and the Polish were bracing themselves from an invasion from the Germans, When Polish mathematician Marian Rejewski attempted to break the German enigma machine which is a mechanical ciphering machin e which had the purpose of a message only being read and understood by the receiver.Marian made the polish bomby which works like a combination of many enigma machines e. g. if SAW stood for GJK then both would be put in the bomby and every possible combination would be sorted through and would stop when a possible match was found, this worked well until 1938 when Germany added two more rotors to the Enigma (Schmidl, 1998), sadly the Polish had to leave Poland and forced to team up with the English and French and this where Alan Turing’s true genius was put into application and saved hundreds and thousands of lives.Turing then put the Polish’s efforts into action, the British had a lot more resources which consisted of about ten thousand people working on the encoding of the Enigma, Turing created The Turing Bombe which was a lot more efficient than the bomby and it differed in the way that instead of trying to rely on a certain indicator decode a certain message sent, it went after the specific message using word probability.Once the message was solved a ’menu’ was put on the bombe and was then put in its proper setting, was given information and let it run until it matched with the rotors, Three to Seven months later a set of three rotors were place in the scrambler unit, this made the processing a lot faster as the scrambler unit made the current go from the fast, medium then the slow rotor.Eventually the codes made by the Germans became clearer and they lost their advantage in World War two, and the U boats who were sinking the supply ships from America and Canada to Great Britain, could not locate the supply ships for the first 23 days of June 1941 (Kozaczuk, 1984). After World war two Turing went to work for the National Physical Laboratory in 1945 where he made the first plan for the first Automated Computing Machine for the Association for Computing Engineering (the ACE). Unfortunately the ACE was never completed as he moved to the University of Manchester to develop an even more advanced computing machine (MADAM).With all of Turing’s work he had proved David Hilbert wrong with all three questions with the fact that a certain class of mathematical problems which could not be solved by automatic machines and had introduced the concept of a single theoretical universal computing machine, which of course is now known as the Turing Machine. In 1947 he tried to find out if there was any relationship with computers and nature and Turing was certain that by about the year 2050 that a thinking machine would mimic the thoughts of a human and it was in 1949 he published a paper called â€Å"intelligent machines† (Copeland, 2005)Alan Turing passed away on 7 June 1954, he was found in his bed with an half eaten apple beside his bed, which was apparently dipped in cyanide on purpose by himself so he could commit suicide as he was supposedly depressed after being found guilty of homosexuality by the Br itish courts. But there is little evidence to support this theory of Turing committing suicide (Pease, 2012). Bibliography Schmidl, H. , (1998) On Enigma and a Method for its Decryption http://www. cs. miami. edu/~harald/enigma/index. html Kozaczuk, W. (1984), Enigma: How the German Machine Cipher Was Broken, and How It Was Read by the Allies in World War Two, (2nd ed. ), Frederick, Maryland: University Publications of America. Hodges, A. , (1992), Alan Turing: the enigma, London: Burnett Books. P. 26-34. Copeland, B. J. , (2004) The Essential Turing. Oxford: Oxford University Press Pease, R. , Alan Turing: Inquest's suicide verdict ‘not supportable' (June 26,2012). , BBC News, science and environment. Copeland, B. J. , Alan Turing. net, the Turing archive for the history of computing (2012).

Howard University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Howard University is a private, federally-chartered university with an acceptance rate of 32%. Located in Washington D.C., Howard Universitys rich history began shortly after the Civil War when the First Congregational Society of Washington established a university for the education of African Americans. To this day, Howard remains a national leader in fulfilling that mission. The 256-acre main campus has an impressive 8-to-1  student/faculty ratio, and its strengths in the liberal arts earned it a chapter of  Phi Beta Kappa. In athletics, the Howard Bison compete in the NCAA Division I  Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference  (MEAC) with other historically black colleges. Popular sports include basketball, football, soccer, tennis, track and field, and cross country. Considering applying to Howard University? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Howard University had an acceptance rate of 32%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 32 were admitted, making Howards admissions process competitive. Admitted Students (2017-18) Number of Applicants 20,946 Percent Admitted 32% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 23% SAT Scores and Requirements Howard University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 75% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 590 650 Math 550 635 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Howards admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Howard University scored between 590 and 650, while 25% scored below 590 and 25% scored above 650. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 550 and 635, while 25% scored below 550 and 25% scored above 635. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1285 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Howard University. Requirements Howard University does not require the SAT writing section. Note that Howard participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements Howard University requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 42% of applicants submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 22 28 Math 20 26 Composite 22 27 This admissions data tells us that most of Howard Universitys admitted students fall within the top 37% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Howard received a composite ACT score between 22 and 27, while 25% scored above 27 and 25% scored below 22. Requirements Note that Howard University does not supescore ACT results, your highest composite ACT score will be considered. Howard does no require the ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA for incoming Howard University freshman was 3.55, and over 60% of admitted students had average GPAs of 3.5 and above. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Howard University have primarily B/B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Howard University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Howard University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances One of the countrys top HBCUs,  Howard University has a competitive admissions pool with a low acceptance rate and high average SAT/ACT scores. However, Howard University, like nearly all selective colleges and universities, has a  holistic admissions  process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A  strong application essay, optional resume,  and  glowing letters of recommendation  can strengthen your application, as can participation in  meaningful extracurricular activities  and a  rigorous course schedule. Howard wants to see applicants complete a core curriculum that includes four years of English, three years of math, and two years of social science, science (including lab), and foreign language. Applicants to the Division of Fine Arts have additional admission requirements including auditions and portfolios. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their test scores a re outside of Howard Universitys average range. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. Most admitted students had a high school GPA of B- or higher, an SAT score of 1000 or higher (ERWM), and an ACT composite score of 20 or higher. Many applicants had scores and test scores well above this lower range. Note that there are a few red dots (rejected students) and yellow dots (waitlisted students) hidden behind the green and blue in the center of the graph. Howard is selective, and some students with grades and test scores that were on target for admission did not get in. Note also that a few students were accepted with test scores and grades a bit below the norm. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Howard Universitys Undergraduate Admissions Office.